\u003cdiv class=\"rich_media_content\"\u003e\u003cp style=\"text-indent: 2em\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e原标题：陕西省工艺美术大师、华县皮影传承人汪海燕——\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style=\"text-indent: 2em\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e刀笔蹁跹 皮影生姿（工匠绝活）\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp class=\"\" style=\"\"\u003e\u003c!--IMG_0--\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style=\"text-indent: 2em\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e绝活看点\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e　　制作华县皮影最重要的技法是“推皮走刀”，即“皮走刀不动”，刻出来的皮影线条细腻、流畅，纹路细如发丝。钻研华县皮�多年，汪海燕练就各种雕刻技法，并摸索出“倒棱法”“拼接法”等皮影制作方法，推动皮影雕刻技艺传承创新。\u003c/p\u003e\u003csection class=\"_editor70\" data-title=\"分割线-4\" data-type=\"4\" id=\"_editor70\" style=\"margin: 0 auto; padding: 16px 0px; width: 375px\"\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"border\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(183,29,38,0.00) 0%, #B71D26 50%, rgba(183,29,38,0.00) 100%); height: 2px; margin: 4px 0; position: relative; width: 100%\"\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"sign\" style=\"border: 1px solid #B71D26; border-radius: 50%; height: 10px; left: 50%; position: absolute; text-align: center; top: 50%; transform: translate(-50%,-50%); width: 10px\"\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"content\" style=\"background-color: #B71D26; border: 1px solid #fff; border-radius: 50%; height: 8px; width: 8px\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/section\u003e\u003cp\u003e　　走进陕西西安的书院门，穿过小巷深处的楼梯，便来到汪氏皮影工作室。48岁的陕西省工艺美术大师汪海燕（见图，本报记者高炳摄）正伏在桌前，制作皮影作品《旦角凤冠》。她身后的墙上，还挂着《西厢记》《\u003c!--SECURE_LINK_BEGIN_0--\u003e霸王别姬\u003c!--SECURE_LINK_END_0--\u003e》《\u003c!--SECURE_LINK_BEGIN_1--\u003e竹林七贤\u003c!--SECURE_LINK_END_1--\u003e》等一批皮影作品，做工精巧细腻。“和皮影打�多年交道，越来越品出其中的味道来?！?#27754海燕说。\u003c!--MID_AD_0--\u003e\u003c!--EOP_0--\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c!--PARAGRAPH_0--\u003e\u003cp\u003e　　说话间，汪海燕用右手拿起刀具扎透牛皮，刀尖扎在刻板上，作为支点；左手食指往后拉，中指、无名指往前推皮，3根手指一拉一推，完成牛皮方向的变换，角度与力道恰到好处。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e　　仔细端详，皮影约手掌大小，旦角头戴凤冠神采奕奕，发髻、花饰等造型精美，刘海发丝、牡丹花蕊等形如针芒?！啊?#25512皮走刀’特别考验手劲的分寸。”汪海燕说，“力气小了，牛皮转动时会卡顿，皮影的纹路就不丝滑；力气大了容易刻断，整个作品就毁了?！盶u003c!--MID_AD_1--\u003e\u003c!--EOP_1--\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c!--PARAGRAPH_1--\u003e\u003cp\u003e　　扎实的基本功，全靠经年累月的练习。汪海燕生于皮影世家，父亲是国家级非物质文化遗产项目皮影戏（华县皮影戏）代表性传承人汪天稳。从小耳濡目染，汪海燕在雕工上下足了功夫——在手腕处吊两块砖，既要防止手抖，又得让指尖发力。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e　　汪海燕记得，当初刚学雕刻时，手常常被刀划破。至今，她的左手上还有一条长长的疤印。经�多年的积累，汪海燕使用各类刀具早已游刃有余。\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e　　桌上的工具箱里，平日常用的刻刀�种，刀口形状不一；凿子�把，大小各异；若是制作大型皮影作品，使用的刀具则超�种?！?#38613刻不同花纹，要用不同的工具?！?#27754海燕说，“像《旦角凤冠》，需要手工雕刻�刀，用𿮞天左右?！盶u003c!--MID_AD_2--\u003e\u003c!--EOP_2--\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c!--PARAGRAPH_2--\u003e\u003cp\u003e　　皮影制作，雕刻仅是其中的环节之一。在完成制皮、画稿、雕刻、上色、熨烫�道工序后，薄如蝉翼却坚韧无比的牛皮，便会变身为一件件精美的艺术品。此外，汪海燕还摸索出“倒棱法”，即用刀具磨光皮影的边缘，使其更加光滑；还有“拼接法”，即根据皮影图案布局与走刀纹路进行拼接，使其更加浑然天成……\u003c!--MID_AD_3--\u003e\u003c!--EOP_3--\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c!--PARAGRAPH_3--\u003e\u003cp\u003e　　皮影技艺，如何传承？近年来，汪海燕多次参与“非遗进校园”活动，还在工作室开设体验课，教孩子们雕刻皮影。同时，她努力探索跨界融合，与国际时尚品牌、本土特色商品等开展合作，让皮影艺术在秀场、橱窗、动漫中绽放光彩，走入年轻人的生活。\u003cstrong\u003e在汪海燕看来，皮影艺术的传承要更广泛地拥抱大众，“尤其是年轻人，他们会让皮影焕发新光彩。”\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c!--MID_AD_4--\u003e\u003c!--EOP_4--\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c!--PARAGRAPH_4--\u003e\u003csection\u003e(来源:人民日报)\u003c/section\u003e\u003cdiv powered-by=\"ex-editor\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cstyle\u003e.rich_media_content{--news-tabel-th-night-color: #444444;--news-font-day-color: #333;--news-font-night-color: #d9d9d9;--news-bottom-distance: 22px}.rich_media_content p:not([data-exeditor-arbitrary-box=image-box]){letter-spacing:.5px;line-height:30px;margin-bottom:var(--news-bottom-distance);word-wrap:break-word}.rich_media_content .qn-editor-copy p:not([data-exeditor-arbitrary-box=image-box]){letter-spacing:unset;line-height:unset;margin-bottom:unset;word-wrap:unset}.rich_media_content{color:var(--news-font-day-color);font-size:18px}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){body:not([data-weui-theme=light]):not([dark-mode-disable=true]) .rich_media_content p:not([data-exeditor-arbitrary-box=image-box]){letter-spacing:.5px;line-height:30px;margin-bottom:var(--news-bottom-distance);word-wrap:break-word}body:not([data-weui-theme=light]):not([dark-mode-disable=true]) .rich_media_content .qn-editor-copy p:not([data-exeditor-arbitrary-box=image-box]):not(.qn-editor-copy){letter-spacing:unset;line-height:unset;margin-bottom:unset;word-wrap:unset}body:not([data-weui-theme=light]):not([dark-mode-disable=true]) .rich_media_content{color:var(--news-font-night-color)}}.data_color_scheme_dark .rich_media_content p:not([data-exeditor-arbitrary-box=image-box]){letter-spacing:.5px;line-height:30px;margin-bottom:var(--news-bottom-distance);word-wrap:break-word}.data_color_scheme_dark .rich_media_content .qn-editor-copy p:not([data-exeditor-arbitrary-box=image-box]){letter-spacing:unset;line-height:unset;margin-bottom:unset;word-wrap:unset}.data_color_scheme_dark .rich_media_content{color:var(--news-font-night-color)}.data_color_scheme_dark .rich_media_content{font-size:18px}.rich_media_content p[data-exeditor-arbitrary-box=image-box]{margin-bottom:11px}.rich_media_content\u003ediv:not(.qnt-video),.rich_media_content\u003esection{margin-bottom:var(--news-bottom-distance)}.rich_media_content hr{margin-bottom:var(--news-bottom-distance)}.rich_media_content .link_list{margin:0;margin-top:20px;min-height:0!important}.rich_media_content blockquote{background:#f9f9f9;border-left:6px solid #ccc;margin:1.5em 10px;padding:.5em 10px}.rich_media_content blockquote p{margin-bottom:0!important}.data_color_scheme_dark .rich_media_content blockquote{background:#323232}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){body:not([data-weui-theme=light]):not([dark-mode-disable=true]) .rich_media_content blockquote{background:#323232}}.rich_media_content ol[data-ex-list]{--ol-start: 1;--ol-list-style-type: decimal;list-style-type:none;counter-reset:olCounter calc(var(--ol-start,1) - 1);position:relative}.rich_media_content ol[data-ex-list]\u003eli\u003e:first-child::before{content:counter(olCounter,var(--ol-list-style-type)) '. 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